An Annotated Bibliography Of: Gender Inequality

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Lancashire School of Business and Enterprise

Module: MD 4002 – Management Learning & Research

Module Tutor: Judi Morgan

Topic: An Annotated Bibliography

Words: 2364

Student Name: Rajathi Ramya B

Reg. No: G20781803

An annotated bibliography of: gender inequality.

My focus for the annotated bibliography is on the impact of gender inequality in different parts of the world. Gender inequality can be defined as giving different opportunities to people because of perceived gender based differences. Gender inequality leads to social and economic loss in a nation in conjoint to the deplorable condition of females. Gender inequality in every country has been rooted from its culture, tradition, and history. Gender equality is the equal appreciation by the society of the differences and similarities between men and women and their roles. Gender equality is a human rights issue and is usually considered a prerequisite for sustainable human development and an indicator of it.

Dalingwater, L. (2018) ‘Neo-liberalism and Gender Inequality in the Workplace in Britain’, Revue Francaise de Civilisation Britannique, 23(1), pp. 1-14. doi: 10.4000/rfcb.1802.

In this article, Dalingwater describes about the gender inequality in the workplace in Britain. Dalingwater states that the in Britain, the number of working women has been rising since 1970s due to the service economy, a higher level of training and education. The below conclusions have been made through a study that was conducted regarding gender inequality in Britain. When laws such as the Equal Pay Act of 1970, the Employment Protection Act 1982 and the Sex Discrimination Act of 1974 were introduced, women were encouraged to work. But, there was a disparity in the quality and quantity of work available for women. Women were mainly given work in the service sector where the pay was low and the prospect of the job was also low. Gender equality has currently become a political priority in the United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, women especially work in part-time jobs which has certain drawbacks like, the hourly earnings are low, fewer job and training opportunities, less job security. The article also reveals that there is a wage gap between mothers and non-mothers. The pay and prospects gap in Britain is higher than that of France and Germany. Dalingwater explains how Britain's gender inequality at work is improved by neo-liberalism. This article is useful for my research topic as it specifies how organizations treat women and how neo-liberalism plays an important role.

Deering, S. (2019). How Can We Achieve Gender Equality in the Workplace? [online] Undercover Recruiter. Available at: https://theundercoverrecruiter.com/achieve-gender-equality-workplace/ 

[Accessed: 28 December 2018].

In this article, Deering describes, how forty-five years after the establishment of the Equal Pay Act in 1975, inequity against women in the workplace was still taking place. Though women are recognized to be in the strongest position, some women report that even if they have the same degree in the same role as men, they feel that they are not being paid or treated in the same way as their male colleagues. Deering suggests some few points by which gender inequality can be stopped such as, familiarizing oneself with anti-discrimination laws, establishing a strict sexual harassment policy, providing training to discriminatory managers, to assign jobs based on an individual’s ability and not gender, to appreciate both sexes in case of success, to ensure that both sexes are paid equally for the same job. This article is relevant to my bibliography as it answers the question “How can gender inequality in a workplace be stopped?”.

Brinton, M. (2018). Gender Inequality and Women in the Workplace. [online] Harvard Summer School. Available at: https://www.summer.harvard.edu/inside-summer/gender-inequality-women-workplace [Accessed: 28 December 2018].

In this article, Brinton describes how gender inequality in the United States is compared to other postindustrial countries and also how gender equality helps to solve declining birth rates. Brinton describes that nowadays women outperform men in educational achievement but still the pay gap between both the sexes is being a major problem. If women are expected to be available all the time in the workplace, even though they have a lot of household activities, then it is unrealistic to expect gender equality. Gender inequality has a connection with birth rates. For example, in Japan, an ideal mother who works for long hours in a workplace tends in contributing a low birth rate. Brinton says that in order to increase gender equality in Japan, people need to go beyond a particular stereotype and make the contributions that every individual can make to the workplace and to the house. This article explains how gender inequality affects the postindustrial countries.

Singh, C. B.. (2013). Gender Inequality in India with special reference to Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Kerala. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258339190_Gender_Inequality_in_India_with_special_reference_to_Uttar_Pradesh_Uttarakhand_and_Kerala

[Accessed: 28 December 2018]

In this article, Singh explains how gender discrimination has been a great problem since India got its independence. This article mainly focuses on Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Kerala. To reduce gender discrimination in India, various women empowerment programs have been undertaken. India ranked 132nd position in the Gender Inequality Index in the year 2013 according to UNDP’s Human Development Report. To improve the status of women for a good economic development, there is a great deal of work to be done by the state. The gender inequality data has been analyzed with the help of reports such as Annual Health Survey, Election Commission, SRS Bulletin and Ministry of Human Resource Development. The gender inequality is also analyzed through a study of achievement level of both sexes. It has been concluded that the Gender Inequality Index value is high in Uttar Pradesh, and, Uttarakhand and Kerala have almost the same Gender Inequality Index value. Singh states that gender inequality can be decreased when equal opportunity and respect is given to both the sexes. This article is useful for my research topic as it describes how gender inequality has been a great issue in India.  

Plickert, G. and Sterling, J. (2017). Gender Still Matters: Effects of Workplace Discrimination on Employment Schedules of Young Professionals. Laws, 6(4), p.28.

In this article, Plickert and Sterling explain how women's advancement in the workplace in the United States continues to show discrimination. It has been stated in the article that discrimination occurs at work when the responsibility of both, children and work collide and there is an absence of the individual to manage both. An assumption in gender discrimination in the workplace is that women are less committed and motivated to their job. Stereotyped women receive less challenging work than their male colleagues, which therefore affects the women's career. In the United States workforce, a worker is said to be ideal when he/she works for 40 hours or more per week, is always available to the employer, has taken little or no time off for motherhood. When the work is given to a worker in the above way, an individual faces problem in performing or fulfilling his/her work up to the expectations. Plickert and Sterling state that when a woman comes back from her family leave, she is treated in a different way such as, the plum assignments are passed over for them, they are queried about their work commitment and since they have given birth they are treated like they have become less competent. This article also focuses on the fact that full-time work significantly decreases for mothers and not for the fathers. This article is useful for my research topic as it examines workplace discrimination and personal background influence that affects women's employment.

Razavi, S. (2014). The OECD’s Closing the Gender Gap: Act Now, 2012. Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development, 14(1), pp.141-144.

In this article, Razavi states that gender equality is an ethical imperative and an economic empowerment. Gender equality consists of cultural, social and political dimensions. Countries across the world have made an improvement in gender equality, but still, in some places, women earn less than men and they have fewer opportunities to reach to the top of their career ladder. This article explains some of the ways by which the gender gap can be closed. In case of entrepreneurship, gender gap can be closed by ensuring equal finance access to both sexes, to make sure that the policies for women-oriented enterprises aim not only at small enterprises or start-ups but all the existing firms. In case of employment, to address cultural barriers and stereotyping the role of women in public sector, business, and society, to provide an equal share of parental leave to the father and mother, to provide good-quality and affordable child care to the parents, to pay the women workers during their maternity leave. In case of education, to make sure that the schools for girls in the developing countries are affordable and safe, to make the boys study about OECD countries and the girls to study more of mathematics and science. This article is relevant to my research topic as it describes what gender equality is and the ways by which the gender gap can be bridged.